I’ve tested many steam mops, and these 14 models truly make cleaning easier and smarter. They heat up quickly, come with versatile attachments, and sanitize surfaces without chemicals. Whether you need a lightweight option, deep cleaning power, or multi-mode functionality, there’s a perfect fit for your home. If you want to find the best one suited to your needs, keep exploring—there’s plenty more to discover.
Key Takeaways
- Provides a detailed overview of top steam mops focusing on features, performance, and versatility.
- Highlights rapid heating, adjustable steam levels, and large water tanks for efficient cleaning.
- Emphasizes user-friendly designs with ergonomic features, long cords, and easy maneuverability.
- Demonstrates cleaning effectiveness on various surfaces with chemical-free, hygienic results.
- Includes considerations on maintenance, durability, and ideal use cases for different households.
Steam Mop, 12-in-1 Handheld Steam Cleaner
If you’re looking for a versatile and powerful cleaning tool, the Steam Mop, 12-in-1 Handheld Steam Cleaner is an excellent choice. It heats up quickly, reaching 260°F in just 12 seconds, so you can start cleaning right away. With adjustable steam levels, you can customize the power for delicate surfaces or tough stains. The rotating angles—120° and 90°—make it easy to reach under furniture and into corners. Plus, with 12 accessories and washable microfiber pads, it handles everything from floors to windows. Its large 550ml water tank and long cord ensure extended, flexible cleaning without hassle.
Best For: homeowners and pet owners seeking a versatile, chemical-free cleaning solution for multiple surfaces and hard-to-reach areas.
Pros:
- Rapid heating in just 12 seconds with adjustable steam levels for customized cleaning
- 12 accessories and washable microfiber pads for versatile cleaning tasks across various surfaces
- Large 550ml water tank and 23-foot cord for extended, hassle-free cleaning sessions
Cons:
- May be heavier or bulkier compared to smaller handheld steamers, affecting maneuverability
- Requires access to an electrical outlet for operation, limiting mobility in some spaces
- Some users might find the variety of accessories overwhelming or unnecessary for basic cleaning needs
Dupray Neat Steam Cleaner with 17-Piece Kit
The Dupray Neat Steam Cleaner with its 17-piece kit stands out as an excellent choice for those seeking versatile, chemical-free cleaning power. It heats up in just 8 minutes and delivers up to 50 minutes of continuous steam at 275°F, making it effective against dirt, grease, and 99.9% of bacteria and viruses. Its compact, lightweight design (9 pounds) and extensive attachments allow me to clean floors, tiles, upholstery, and even grout with ease. I appreciate how easy it is to assemble and maneuver, and the variety of tools helps tackle everything from kitchen counters to car interiors. It’s a reliable, natural way to sanitize my home efficiently.
Best For: homeowners and DIY enthusiasts seeking a versatile, chemical-free steam cleaning solution for household, automotive, and upholstery surfaces.
Pros:
- Heats up quickly in just 8 minutes and provides up to 50 minutes of continuous steam.
- Includes a comprehensive 17-piece kit with various attachments for diverse cleaning tasks.
- Compact, lightweight (9 pounds), and easy to maneuver, making storage and use convenient.
Cons:
- May require patience for stubborn baked-on grease or heavy residues.
- Needs distilled water for optimal performance, which adds an extra step to maintenance.
- Limited to 120V AC power, so not suitable for regions with different electrical standards.
Wet Dry Vacuum Cleaner with 180° Lay-Flat Cordless Design
Looking for a versatile cleaning tool that handles wet and dry messes effortlessly? I highly recommend this cordless wet dry vacuum cleaner with a 180° lay-flat design. It combines vacuuming, mopping, and washing with impressive 17,000 Pa suction power, allowing you to tackle dry debris and spills simultaneously. Its separate water tanks guarantee fresh water every time, and the self-propelled brush makes cleaning quick and thorough. Plus, smart features like voice prompts, LED display, and auto-suction adjustment make it user-friendly. Weighing just 9.26 lbs, its lay-flat design reaches low corners easily. It’s perfect for a fast, all-in-one home cleaning experience.
Best For: homeowners and cleaning enthusiasts seeking an all-in-one, cordless solution for efficient wet and dry cleaning with versatile features.
Pros:
- Combines vacuuming, mopping, and washing in one device, saving time and effort.
- Intelligent features like smart detection, voice prompts, and LED display enhance user convenience.
- Lightweight and lay-flat design allows easy access to low corners and hard-to-reach areas.
Cons:
- Limited runtime of up to 35 minutes per charge may require multiple pauses for larger cleaning jobs.
- Slightly higher price point due to advanced features and cordless design.
- May require regular maintenance of water tanks and self-cleaning system to ensure optimal performance.
Steam Mop All-in-one for Floor Cleaning
For anyone seeking an efficient and versatile solution to keep their floors spotless, the Steam Mop All-in-One (Model MX-100A) stands out as a top choice. It works on hardwood, tile, laminate, stone, marble, and even carpets, thanks to its adjustable steam levels and detachable handheld unit. With a sleek LED display showing real-time temperature up to 110°C, it offers precise control. The long 16.4-inch cord, upgraded shoulder strap, and wall-mount make it easy to maneuver and store. Its 13 accessories, including microfiber pads and brushes, enable deep cleaning on floors, grout, glass, furniture, and more. It’s lightweight, quick to heat, and delivers up to 42 minutes of continuous steam.
Best For: homeowners and pet owners seeking an efficient, versatile, and chemical-free solution for deep cleaning and maintaining various flooring surfaces and household items.
Pros:
- Quick 15-second heat-up with powerful, adjustable steam for efficient cleaning.
- Multi-purpose with detachable handheld unit and 13 accessories for diverse tasks.
- Lightweight design with long cord and ergonomic features for easy maneuverability and storage.
Cons:
- Assembly required upon delivery.
- Limited water tank capacity (380ml), requiring refills during extended use.
- May be less suitable for heavy-duty commercial cleaning due to its household focus.
If you’re searching for a versatile steam mop that handles stubborn stains and offers customizable cleaning options, the Shark Steam & Scrub Steam Mop stands out. Its sleek design makes maneuvering easy, with swivel steering and LED headlights that reveal hidden debris. The large water tank means fewer refills, and its powerful steam combined with rotating pads delivers up to twice the stain removal of traditional mops. With three modes—Light, Normal, and Deep—you can tailor your cleaning to any mess. Designed for all sealed hard floors, it’s effective yet gentle, making it a smart choice for thorough, hassle-free cleaning.
Best For: homeowners and busy households seeking an effective, versatile steam mop for deep cleaning and stain removal on sealed hard floors.
Pros:
- Powerful steam with rotating pads for up to 2x better stain removal
- Multi-mode functionality (Light, Normal, Deep) for customized cleaning
- Large water tank reduces the need for frequent refills and features LED headlights for enhanced visibility
Cons:
- May be heavier or bulkier compared to traditional mops, affecting maneuverability
- Requires adherence to specific instructions for proper sanitization and maintenance
- Limited to sealed hard floors; not suitable for unsealed or delicate surfaces
Steam Mop, Multi-Purpose Handheld Floor Steamer with Accessories
The MX-Steam Mop by Mxnsewr stands out as an excellent choice for anyone seeking a versatile, chemical-free cleaning solution. Weighing just over 6 pounds, it features a detachable handheld unit, adjustable height, and a flexible mop head that moves easily in all directions. The large 450ml water tank heats up in 20 seconds and provides up to 45 minutes of continuous steam at 260°F, making it ideal for deep cleaning. With 11 accessories, including brushes and nozzles, it handles floors, tiles, grout, windows, furniture, and even clothes. Its lightweight, self-standing design and long cord make storage and operation effortless.
Best For: homeowners and cleaning enthusiasts seeking a versatile, chemical-free steam cleaner for multiple surfaces and deep sanitation.
Pros:
- Rapid 20-second heat-up and long 45-minute steam duration for efficient cleaning sessions
- Detachable handheld unit and extensive accessories make it suitable for diverse tasks including floors, upholstery, and windows
- Lightweight, self-standing design with adjustable height and flexible mop head for easy maneuverability
Cons:
- Durability concerns with plastic water tank splitting if dropped
- Only available in a 110V US version, limiting use in countries with different voltages
- Some users report issues with parts replacement and accessory compatibility
Steam Mop with 11 Accessories for Floor and Home Cleaning
An 11-in-1 steam mop stands out as the perfect choice for anyone seeking a versatile, all-in-one cleaning solution. With a 15.2 oz removable water tank that heats up in just 20 seconds and delivers up to 45 minutes of continuous steam, it handles multiple surfaces effortlessly. Its 11 accessories—including brushes, microfiber pads, and window tools—allow cleaning floors, furniture, glass, and more. Lightweight at just over 6 pounds, and equipped with a long 23-ft cord and adjustable angles, it makes deep cleaning quick, easy, and chemical-free. This mop truly simplifies home maintenance across every surface.
Best For: households seeking a versatile, chemical-free cleaning solution for multiple surfaces including floors, furniture, glass, and carpets.
Pros:
- Quickly heats up in just 20 seconds and provides up to 45 minutes of continuous steam for efficient cleaning.
- Includes 11 accessories that enable cleaning a variety of surfaces and hard-to-reach spots.
- Lightweight (just over 6 pounds) with adjustable angles and a long 23-ft cord for easy maneuverability and extensive coverage.
Cons:
- Limited water tank capacity may require frequent refills during large cleaning tasks.
- Only two microfiber pads included, which might necessitate additional purchases for larger areas.
- Some users may find assembly and storage slightly cumbersome despite its compact design.
ScrubWiz Steam Mop Cleaner with Detachable Handheld Steamer
For those seeking a versatile and powerful steam cleaning device, the ScrubWiz Steam Mop Cleaner with Detachable Handheld Steamer stands out as an excellent choice. It heats water in just 10 seconds to 248°F, producing high-pressure steam with adjustable modes to tackle dirt, grease, and stains across various surfaces. Weighing only 6.21 pounds, its lightweight, ergonomic design includes a swivel head, adjustable mop angle, and detachable extension pipes for easy maneuverability. Equipped with 10 multi-purpose attachments, it cleans floors, grout, tiles, glass, and even upholstery. The water tank is compact but sufficient for multiple tasks, making this steamer a highly effective, chemical-free cleaning solution.
Best For: households seeking a versatile, chemical-free steam cleaner capable of tackling a variety of surfaces and deep cleaning tasks with ease.
Pros:
- Heats water rapidly in just 10 seconds and produces high-pressure steam for effective cleaning.
- Includes 10 multi-purpose attachments suitable for floors, tiles, grout, windows, upholstery, and more.
- Lightweight (6.21 lbs) with ergonomic design features like swivel head and adjustable mop angle for easy maneuverability.
Cons:
- Small water tank capacity (350ml) may require frequent refilling during extended use.
- Cord length (4 meters) could be longer for easier access to larger areas.
- Some users have reported durability issues, with occasional device malfunction over time.
BLACK+DECKER Steam Mop, White (HSM13E1)
If you’re looking for a quick and versatile steam mop, the BLACK+DECKER Steam Mop (HSM13E1) is an excellent choice, thanks to its rapid 30-second heat-up time. Its swivel head makes it easy to maneuver around furniture and tight spaces, while the microfiber pad guarantees smooth gliding and effective cleaning. With a 12-foot cord, you can tackle large areas without constantly changing outlets. It’s perfect for sealed surfaces like hardwood, tile, and granite, and you don’t need harsh chemicals—just steam for a safe, eco-friendly clean. Overall, it’s a reliable, user-friendly tool that simplifies household cleaning.
Best For: households seeking a quick, chemical-free, and versatile steam cleaning solution for sealed surfaces like hardwood, tile, and granite.
Pros:
- Heats up in just 30 seconds for rapid cleaning readiness
- Swivel head allows easy maneuverability around furniture and tight spaces
- Includes microfiber pad for smooth gliding and effective cleaning
Cons:
- Limited to sealed surfaces; not suitable for unsealed or delicate materials
- Cord length of 12 feet may be restrictive in very large spaces without extension options
- Single microfiber pad included; may require additional pads for extensive cleaning sessions
11-in-1 Steam Mop, Multi-Purpose Handheld Steam Cleaner
The in-1 Steam Mop, Multi-Purpose Handheld Steam Cleaner stands out as a versatile cleaning tool perfect for those who need a powerful, chemical-free solution for multiple surfaces. It delivers 260°F steam, effectively eliminating up to 99.9% of stains and grime without any chemicals. Safe for kids and pets, it dries quickly, preventing water marks on hardwood, tiles, carpets, and sealed surfaces. With three adjustable steam levels, you can customize your cleaning—delicate, daily, or tough stains. Its 23-foot cord, 450ml water tank, and ergonomic design make it easy to reach large areas comfortably, ensuring efficient, versatile cleaning every time.
Best For: homeowners and cleaning professionals seeking a versatile, chemical-free steam cleaner suitable for various surfaces including hardwood, tile, and carpets.
Pros:
- Delivers powerful 260°F steam that eliminates up to 99.9% of stains and grime without chemicals.
- Adjustable steam levels allow customization for different cleaning needs and delicate surfaces.
- Long 23ft power cord and ergonomic design provide comfort and extensive reach for large areas.
Cons:
- Requires removal of the carpet glider when switching from carpet to hard floor cleaning.
- Limited water tank capacity of 450ml may necessitate frequent refilling during large cleaning tasks.
- The absence of additional accessories beyond microfiber pads and carpet glider may limit versatility for specialized cleaning tasks.
Steam Cleaner with 24 Attachments, Multipurpose Steamer Mop
The WIRQO Steam Cleaner stands out for its extensive set of 24 attachments, making it an ideal choice for versatile and thorough cleaning. It generates up to 302℉ of superheated steam, effectively tackling stains, grease, and grime without chemicals. The 1500W heater heats in just 5 minutes, providing up to 50 minutes of continuous steam. Its adjustable steam control and ergonomic handle with a child-safe lock ensure safe, customizable cleaning on surfaces like floors, walls, furniture, and more. With attachments for tiles, carpets, upholstery, and even car interiors, it’s perfect for deep sanitation and tackling a variety of household messes efficiently.
Best For: households seeking a versatile, chemical-free cleaning solution suitable for various surfaces including floors, upholstery, and car interiors.
Pros:
- Generates up to 302℉ superheated steam for effective stain and grime removal without chemicals
- Comes with 24 attachments for comprehensive cleaning of multiple surfaces and hard-to-reach areas
- Heats up quickly in 5 minutes and provides up to 50 minutes of continuous steam, making cleaning efficient
Cons:
- Slight water spray during initial use may require some adjustment and patience
- Heavier than some handheld cleaners, which might be less convenient for extended use
- The large number of attachments may be overwhelming for users seeking a simple, straightforward device
Steam Wet Dry Vacuum, 3-in-1 Steam Mop with Auto Self-Cleaning and Digital Display
For those seeking a versatile cleaning tool that combines multiple functions into one device, the Steam Wet Dry Vacuum 3-in-1 Steam Mop stands out. It seamlessly blends steam cleaning and vacuuming, making one-step cleanup of stains, spills, and dirt easy. Suitable for hardwood, tile, and carpet, it penetrates surfaces to eliminate allergens, promoting a healthier home. The digital display and auto self-cleaning features add convenience, while its robust technology handles tough messes with ease. Compact and maneuverable, this all-in-one device simplifies your cleaning routine, saving time and effort. It’s a smart choice for anyone wanting efficient, thorough, and hygienic floor care.
Best For: households seeking an all-in-one, efficient cleaning solution that combines steam sanitization and vacuuming for versatile floor care across multiple surfaces.
Pros:
- Combines steam cleaning and vacuuming for one-step, thorough cleaning
- Features auto self-cleaning and digital display for added convenience
- Suitable for hardwood, tile, and carpet, ensuring versatile use
Cons:
- May be heavier or bulkier than traditional mops, impacting maneuverability
- Requires regular refilling of water and maintenance of self-cleaning functions
- Could be more expensive compared to single-function cleaning devices
DEVOAC VM6 Steam Mop with Rotating Pads and Multiple Modes
If you’re seeking a versatile and powerful steam mop that handles tough stains and multiple surfaces, the DEVOAC VM6 stands out among the 14 best options. This lightweight, corded device offers rotating pads that perform over 230 scrubs per minute, delivering up to five times better stain removal than traditional mops. With three adjustable steam modes, it adapts to different cleaning needs, tackling sealed floors, grout, windows, and even car interiors. Its compact design with a swivel head makes maneuvering easy under furniture and around baseboards. Plus, the included attachments make it a multi-surface cleaner, saving time and effort in your cleaning routine.
Best For: homeowners and pet owners seeking a versatile, deep-cleaning steam mop for various surfaces and stubborn stains.
Pros:
- Powerful rotating pads that scrub over 230 times per minute for effective stain removal
- Adjustable steam modes allow customization for different cleaning tasks and surfaces
- Includes multiple attachments for cleaning floors, grout, windows, mirrors, and car interiors
Cons:
- Some users report issues with water tank cracking or leaking over time
- Occasional complaints about plastic quality affecting durability and steam production
- Customer service experiences vary, with some delays in resolving product issues
Shark Steam Pocket Mop with 2 Washable Pads
Looking for a lightweight, chemical-free way to keep your sealed hard floors spotless? The Shark Steam Pocket Mop with 2 washable pads is perfect. It heats water to 212°F in just 30 seconds, effortlessly lifting dirt, grime, and sticky residues without chemicals. Its swivel steering makes maneuvering easy, and the two microfiber pads lock in dirt and can be flipped for extended use. With a 450 ml water tank and an 18-foot cord, you can clean large areas comfortably. Floors dry quickly, leaving no streaks or residue. Overall, it’s a simple, effective, eco-friendly choice for deep cleaning your sealed surfaces.
Best For: households seeking a lightweight, chemical-free, and efficient solution for deep cleaning sealed hard floors like hardwood, tile, marble, and vinyl.
Pros:
- Quickly heats water to 212°F in just 30 seconds for fast cleaning.
- Eco-friendly with no need for chemicals, safe for households with kids and pets.
- Easy maneuverability with swivel steering and washable microfiber pads for extended use.
Cons:
- Does not stand upright on its own, requiring leaning or lying down storage.
- Lacks an on/off switch, necessitating unplugging to turn off, which may be inconvenient.
- Some users experience durability issues, such as units stopping steam production after a few months.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Steam Mops
When choosing a steam mop, I consider factors like how quickly it heats up and its power to guarantee efficient cleaning. I also look at adjustable steam levels and surface compatibility to match different floors and stains. Additionally, I check the tank size, accessories, and runtime to make sure it fits my cleaning needs without hassle.
Heating Speed and Power
Choosing a steam mop with the right heating speed and power can make a big difference in how efficiently you clean. A quick heating time, usually within 15 to 30 seconds, lets you start cleaning almost immediately, saving time and effort. Higher wattage models produce more powerful steam, which helps loosen dirt and disinfect surfaces effectively without chemicals. Some models also offer adjustable steam levels, so you can customize the heat output for delicate floors or stubborn stains. The maximum temperature can reach up to 275°F, providing deep sanitation. Consistent heating performance ensures the steam stays at the right temperature throughout your cleaning session, making your efforts more effective. Overall, the right balance of speed and power boosts cleaning efficiency and results.
Adjustable Steam Levels
Adjustable steam levels are essential because they let you customize the mop’s heat output to suit different surfaces and cleaning tasks. With options like low and high settings, you can safely clean delicate hardwood floors without damaging them while tackling stubborn tile grime with more powerful steam. Higher settings typically produce up to 30ml/min of steam, making tough stains easier to remove. This flexibility enhances the mop’s versatility, allowing it to handle various household surfaces efficiently. Many models feature digital controls or dials, enabling quick adjustments during cleaning sessions. This ease of use means you can switch steam levels on the fly, optimizing cleaning performance and protecting your floors. Overall, adjustable steam levels bring convenience and efficiency to your cleaning routine.
Surface Compatibility Range
Selecting a steam mop that matches your flooring types is key to effective and safe cleaning. I always check if the mop is compatible with my floors—hardwood, tile, laminate, or stone—to avoid damage. It’s important to see if the device can safely clean sealed surfaces, as unsealed or porous materials could be harmed by moisture or heat. I also verify the maximum steam temperature and adjustable settings, so I can adapt to different surfaces and stubborn stains. If I want multi-surface cleaning, I look for a mop that handles carpets, upholstery, or glass. Additionally, I consider whether it includes specialized attachments like brushes or nozzles, which help tackle various surfaces effectively. Matching the mop’s compatibility with your surfaces ensures a safer, more efficient cleaning experience.
Accessories and Attachments
A wide range of accessories and attachments can transform a basic steam mop into a versatile cleaning tool. Microfiber pads, brushes, nozzles, and grout cleaners help tackle different surfaces and stubborn stains more effectively. Detachable handheld steamers and specialized tools make it easy to clean appliances, upholstery, windows, and hard-to-reach spots without needing multiple devices. Having multiple attachments reduces the need for separate cleaning tools, consolidating functionality into one unit. Washable and replaceable pads not only save money but also ensure consistent cleaning performance over time. Attachments like grout cleaners or scrub brushes can considerably boost efficiency, especially on textured surfaces or tough stains. Choosing a steam mop with versatile accessories makes your cleaning routine more efficient and adaptable.
Tank Capacity and Run Time
Choosing the right steam mop depends heavily on its tank capacity and run time. A larger water tank means longer cleaning sessions without interruption, which is especially helpful for bigger areas or commercial use. Tank sizes typically range from 250ml to 1600ml; the bigger the tank, the more ground you can cover before refilling. Smaller tanks are lightweight and easier to maneuver, but they require more frequent refills, which can slow down your workflow. Additionally, some models feature removable, easy-to-fill tanks that boost convenience during cleaning. Consider your space size and cleaning frequency when selecting a mop. A higher capacity tank guarantees continuous cleaning, saving you time and effort, while smaller tanks offer portability and ease of handling.
Ease of Storage
When evaluating steam mops for storage convenience, I focus on features like self-standing designs or wall leans, which can make a big difference in tight spaces. A self-standing model allows me to park the mop upright without leaning it against a wall, saving space and reducing the risk of accidental knocks. I also look for built-in cord wraps or hooks that keep the power cord organized and tangle-free. Detachable or foldable components are a bonus, making it easier to store the mop in small closets or cabinets. Lighter models are more manageable to store and maneuver. Lastly, I check if accessories and attachments can be stored with the main unit or in a dedicated bag, helping me stay organized and ready for quick cleaning sessions.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Long Does a Typical Steam Mop Take to Heat Up?
A typical steam mop takes about 30 seconds to 1 minute to heat up. I’ve found that most models heat up quickly, allowing me to start cleaning almost immediately. Some high-end models may take a little longer, around 2 minutes, but generally, you won’t wait long before you can start mopping. It’s pretty convenient, especially when you’re in a hurry to get your floors spotless.
Can Steam Mops Effectively Remove Stubborn Stains?
Imagine a tiny volcano erupting with steam—yes, steam mops can tackle stubborn stains! I’ve found they’re surprisingly effective, especially with the right attachments. The high-temperature steam penetrates deep into grime, loosening even the toughest spots. While some really ingrained stains might need extra help, I’ve been impressed with how well a good steam mop can refresh surfaces, making stubborn stains much more manageable with just heat and a bit of elbow grease.
Are Steam Mops Safe for All Types of Flooring?
Steam mops are generally safe for most flooring types like tile, laminate, and sealed hardwood. I always double-check the manufacturer’s guidelines to guarantee compatibility. I avoid using them on unsealed hardwood or porous surfaces, as moisture can cause damage. When used correctly, I find steam mops a quick, effective, and chemical-free way to clean, making my floors look spotless without worry.
How Often Should Steam Mop Pads Be Replaced or Cleaned?
Think of your steam mop pad like a trusty sidekick—it’s vital to stay fresh for the best results. I recommend washing the pad after every few uses, especially if you’re cleaning a lot of dirt or spills. Replace it every 3-6 months, or sooner if it shows signs of wear. Keeping it clean ensures your floors stay sparkling and your cleaning game remains strong.
Do Steam Mops Emit Any Harmful Fumes or Residues?
No, steam mops don’t emit harmful fumes or residues when used properly. I always make certain I use clean water and follow the manufacturer’s instructions. The steam is simply hot water vapor that helps disinfect and loosen dirt without chemicals. However, I avoid using them on delicate surfaces that could be damaged by heat or moisture. Overall, they’re a safe and eco-friendly cleaning tool in my home.
Conclusion
As I imagine gliding my steam mop across gleaming floors, I realize that choosing the right one makes all the difference. Whether it’s the effortless steam bursts or the versatility of a 12-in-1 cleaner, these mops turn chores into a breeze. With the right tool in hand, cleaning becomes less of a task and more of a satisfying dance, leaving your home fresh, spotless, and inviting—like stepping onto a perfectly polished surface every time.
