If you’re looking for the 15 best electric snow blowers for effortless winter clearing, I’ve found models that suit various needs, from lightweight cordless options to powerful two-stage units. They come with features like adjustable chutes, LED lights, and safety protections, making snow removal easier and safer. Whether you prefer corded or cordless, lightweight or heavy-duty, there’s something for everyone. Stay with me, and I’ll guide you through choosing the perfect one for your winter needs.
Key Takeaways
- Consider models with sufficient clearing width and depth for your typical snowfall, such as 20-24 inches for residential use.
- Look for electric snow blowers with features like LED headlights, adjustable chutes, and safety mechanisms for ease and safety.
- Evaluate runtime and power source options, including battery life and corded or cordless convenience, to match your snow removal needs.
- Prioritize lightweight, maneuverable designs with foldable handles and easy storage for effortless operation and space-saving storage.
- Review customer ratings and reviews to find reliable, durable electric snow blowers suited for efficient, effort-free winter clearing.
Snow Joe Corded Electric Snow Blower with 15-Amp Motor and 22-Inch Clearing Width
If you’re looking for an electric snow blower that combines power with ease of use, the Snow Joe SNJ-SJ627E is an excellent choice. Its 15-amp motor delivers gas-like power, moving up to 840 pounds of snow per minute with minimal noise and fuss. The 22-inch clearing width and 13-inch intake depth make quick work of light to moderate snowfalls on paved surfaces. An adjustable 180-degree chute helps direct snow accurately up to 25 feet. Its all-steel auger with rubber-tipped blades protects surfaces while clearing efficiently. Compact wheels and LED headlights make maneuvering and nighttime use simple, making it a reliable winter helper.
Best For: homeowners and small property owners seeking an easy-to-use, reliable electric snow blower for light to moderate snowfalls on paved surfaces.
Pros:
- Powerful 15-amp motor capable of moving up to 840 pounds of snow per minute with minimal noise
- 22-inch wide clearing path and adjustable 180-degree chute for precise snow discharge up to 25 feet
- Lightweight, easy to assemble, and equipped with LED headlights for nighttime use
Cons:
- May struggle with very heavy, wet, or large snow drifts, especially those created by snow plows
- Cord management can be challenging during operation, requiring careful handling
- Not suitable for very deep snow over 20 inches or extremely heavy snowfall without additional tools or effort
Westinghouse WSnow20 Corded Snow Blower
The Westinghouse WSnow20 Corded Snow Blower stands out as a top choice for homeowners dealing with light to moderate snowfalls. It combines gas-powered performance with electric convenience, featuring a durable rubber-tipped steel auger that clears a 20-inch wide, 10-inch deep path. With a 120V, 1800W motor and a push-button start, it’s easy to operate without gas or batteries. Weighing just under 30 pounds, it’s lightweight and maneuverable, with 7-inch wheels and dual LED headlights for night use. Its adjustable chute throws snow up to 25 feet, making quick work of snow removal in driveways, sidewalks, and decks.
Best For: homeowners seeking an easy-to-use, lightweight snow blower for light to moderate snowfalls on driveways, walkways, and decks.
Pros:
- Easy to assemble and operate with push-button start and lightweight design.
- Features dual LED headlights for safe snow removal in low-light or nighttime conditions.
- Efficiently clears snow up to 10 inches deep and throws snow up to 25 feet.
Cons:
- May clog when handling large amounts of packed or heavy snow.
- Stiffness in the adjustable chute can require some effort to turn initially.
- Made primarily with plastic and lighter materials, which may affect durability in rough conditions.
Greenworks 80V Cordless Snow Blower with Battery and Charger
For homeowners seeking a quiet, eco-friendly snow removal option, the Greenworks 80V Cordless Snow Blower with Battery and Charger stands out. Its 80V Li-ion system delivers strong performance and high efficiency, handling snow up to 10 inches deep across driveways, sidewalks, and patios. The brushless motor operates quietly and requires minimal maintenance, making it ideal for regular use. With a 20-inch clearing width and a 180-degree adjustable chute, you can easily direct snow exactly where you want it. Just remember to keep batteries warm for top-notch starting. Overall, this blower combines power, convenience, and eco-friendliness for effortless winter cleanup.
Best For: homeowners seeking a quiet, eco-friendly, and efficient snow removal solution for driveways, sidewalks, and patios.
Pros:
- Powerful 80V Li-ion system handles snow up to 10 inches deep with ease
- Quiet, maintenance-free brushless motor reduces noise and upkeep
- Adjustable 180-degree chute provides customizable snow displacement
Cons:
- Batteries should be stored warm for optimal starting performance
- May require multiple batteries for extended use in large areas
- Cold weather can temporarily affect battery efficiency and starting ability
PowerSmart Gas Snow Blower 24-Inch 2-Stage Self-Propelled
Powered by a robust 212cc 4-cycle OHV engine, the PowerSmart Gas Snow Blower 24-Inch 2-Stage Self-Propelled is designed for those who need serious snow-clearing power. It can move up to 2400 pounds of snow per minute, making quick work of heavy snowfall. With a 24-inch wide and 20-inch high intake, it handles up to 12 inches of snow and throws it up to 45 feet away. The electric start makes it easy to operate—just plug in and push a button. Self-propelled with multiple speeds, it’s highly maneuverable, perfect for clearing large driveways and tough winter conditions.
Best For: homeowners and property owners who need reliable, powerful snow removal for large driveways and tough winter conditions.
Pros:
- Powerful 212cc engine for quick snow clearing
- Large 24-inch clearing width and 20-inch intake height handle heavy snowfall efficiently
- Electric start for easy, hassle-free operation
Cons:
- May be heavier and bulkier to maneuver for some users
- Requires an extension cord for electric start, which could limit mobility outdoors
- Higher capacity features might come with a higher price point
EGO POWER+ 24V Electric Snow Blower with Batteries
If you’re looking for a quiet, eco-friendly alternative to gas-powered snow blowers that still offers strong performance, the EGO POWER+ 24V Electric Snow Blower with Batteries is an excellent choice. It’s cordless, self-propelled, and designed to handle up to 8 inches of snow with ease. The unit features Peak Power technology, combining two 56V ARC Lithium batteries to deliver high power. With a 24-inch clearing width, 50-foot snow throw, LED lights, and adjustable chute, it provides precision and visibility. Its durable construction and quiet operation make it perfect for small to medium driveways, offering convenience without the noise or fumes of gas models.
Best For: homeowners with small to medium driveways seeking a quiet, eco-friendly, and efficient snow removal solution without the hassle of gas engines.
Pros:
- Cordless and self-propelled for easy maneuverability and convenience
- Quiet operation with LED lights for visibility in low-light conditions
- Capable of clearing up to 8 inches of snow with a 24-inch width and 50-foot throwing distance
Cons:
- Battery life may be limited to around 20 minutes under heavy snow conditions
- Charging batteries sequentially can extend overall recharge time
- Higher price point over $700 may be a barrier for some users
Westinghouse 48V Cordless Snow Blower (WSnow18)
The Westinghouse 48V Cordless Snow Blower (WSnow18) stands out as an ideal choice for homeowners seeking a lightweight, eco-friendly alternative to gas-powered models. Weighing just 37 pounds, it’s easy to maneuver around driveways and walkways. Its 18-inch wide, 10-inch deep clearing path makes quick work of light to moderate snowfalls. Powered by a 1200W brushless motor, it’s quiet, low-maintenance, and efficient. The adjustable chute throws snow up to 25 feet, while the LED light improves visibility at night. Its cordless design provides freedom from cords and refueling, making snow removal safer and more convenient.
Best For: homeowners seeking a lightweight, eco-friendly, and maneuverable snow blower for small to medium snowfalls on driveways and walkways.
Pros:
- Lightweight and easy to handle at 37 pounds, reducing user fatigue
- Quiet operation with a 1200W brushless motor for low maintenance and eco-friendliness
- Adjustable chute and LED light for better control and visibility during nighttime use
Cons:
- Limited runtime of approximately 15 minutes per battery, which may require extra batteries for larger jobs
- Less effective in heavy, wet, or deep snow conditions beyond 10 inches
- Some users report battery life and durability issues over time
PowerSmart Gas Snow Blower, 24-Inch Self-Propelled 208cc B&S Engine
For those facing heavy, stubborn snowfalls, the PowerSmart Gas Snow Blower with its 24-inch clearing width and 208cc B&S engine stands out as a top choice. Its powerful engine easily tackles deep snow and drifts, while the 2-stage system speeds up cleanup. With six forward and two reverse speeds, I can precisely regulate the machine on various terrains. The electric start makes cold mornings hassle-free, and the LED lights ensure visibility during nighttime. The Titan 13-inch tires grip icy surfaces well, and the handle warmer keeps me comfortable. Overall, this snow blower combines power, control, and comfort, making winter snow removal less of a chore.
Best For: homeowners and property owners who need an efficient, powerful snow blower to handle heavy, stubborn snowfalls with ease and safety.
Pros:
- Equipped with a robust 208cc B&S engine that handles deep snowdrifts effectively
- Features a 2-stage snow blowing system for faster cleanup times
- Includes LED lights and handle warmer for enhanced safety and comfort during operation
Cons:
- Heavier weight may require more effort to maneuver for some users
- Slightly higher price point compared to smaller or less powerful models
- Maintenance of a gas engine can be more involved than electric alternatives
EGO Power+ SNT2110 Cordless Snow Blower (Battery & Charger Not Included)
Powerful yet quiet, the EGO Power+ SNT2110 cordless snow blower stands out as an excellent choice for homeowners seeking a hassle-free alternative to gas models. It delivers gas-like power without noise, fumes, or maintenance worries. Using Peak Power™ technology with two 56V ARC Lithium™ batteries (not included), it can clear heavy, wet snow up to 40 feet away. The 21-inch width, high-efficiency brushless motor, and steel auger make snow removal faster and more efficient. Features like heated grips, LED lights, and adjustable chute enhance usability. Though heavier and requiring separate batteries, it’s praised for its power, ease of use, and environmentally friendly operation.
Best For: homeowners and property owners looking for a powerful, quiet, and environmentally friendly alternative to gas snow blowers for clearing heavy, wet snow.
Pros:
- Strong, gas-like power with minimal noise and fumes
- Easy to assemble and operate with intuitive controls and features like heated grips and LED lights
- Compatible with existing EGO 56V batteries, offering extended runtime and convenience
Cons:
- Requires separate purchase of batteries and charger, increasing overall cost
- Heavier and less maneuverable over driveway transitions compared to gas models
- Potential snow buildup in the chute during windy conditions, requiring maintenance like WD40 application
PowerSmart 24-Inch Gas Snow Blower with 208cc Engine
If you’re dealing with heavy, wet snow on large driveways, the PowerSmart 24-Inch Gas Snow Blower with a 208cc engine stands out as an excellent choice. Its 24-inch clearing width and two-stage system make quick work of big snowfalls, especially the heavy, wet variety. Powered by a reliable Briggs & Stratton 208cc engine, it handles tough winter conditions effortlessly. The self-propelled design reduces effort, while features like 13-inch snow tires, LED lights, and an electric start enhance usability and safety. Weighing around 150 pounds, it’s built for durability and performance, making large snow removal tasks less stressful.
Best For: homeowners with large driveways and heavy, wet snow who need a reliable, easy-to-operate snow blower to handle tough winter conditions efficiently.
Pros:
- Powerful 208cc Briggs & Stratton engine provides reliable performance in harsh winter weather.
- Self-propelled design with 13-inch snow tires offers excellent traction and reduces user effort.
- Features like electric start, LED lights, and handle warmer enhance safety, comfort, and convenience.
Cons:
- Weighs approximately 150 pounds, which may be heavy for some users to maneuver or store.
- Assembly can take around 1.5 hours and may require minor adjustments such as cable tensioning.
- Price point may be higher compared to smaller or less feature-rich snow blowers.
Electric Leaf Snow Blower, Cordless, 900,000 RPM, 2 Batteries & Charger, Handheld, 5-Speed, Lightweight for Yard and Outdoor Use (Gray)
This electric leaf snow blower stands out with its cordless design and impressive 900,000 RPM motor, making it ideal for anyone seeking a lightweight, easy-to-maneuver tool for yard and outdoor cleanup. It features an advanced axial flow fan that delivers a maximum air speed of 200 MPH and five adjustable speeds, providing precise control for various tasks. Weighing only 5.2 pounds, it’s highly portable and reduces user fatigue. With two batteries and a charger included, you get up to 20 minutes of high-speed operation. Its ergonomic design allows seamless use in both vertical and horizontal positions, making yard cleanup effortless and efficient.
Best For: homeowners and outdoor enthusiasts seeking a lightweight, cordless tool for efficient yard cleanup and snow removal.
Pros:
- Powerful 900,000 RPM motor with up to 200 MPH air speed for effective debris and snow clearing
- Lightweight at only 5.2 pounds, reducing fatigue and enhancing maneuverability
- Includes two batteries and a charger, allowing up to 20 minutes of continuous high-speed operation
Cons:
- Limited run time per battery may require additional batteries for extended use
- May be less effective on very heavy or wet debris and snow due to size and power constraints
- Battery indicator lights could be more detailed for precise charge status
WEN 24-inch 209cc Two-Stage Gas Snow Blower with Electric Start
The WEN 24-inch 209cc Two-Stage Gas Snow Blower with Electric Start is an excellent choice for those who need robust snow clearing performance combined with user-friendly features. It can move over 2000 pounds of snow per minute with its powerful 209cc engine and a 24-by-20-inch clearing path. The adjustable chute rotates 190 degrees, allowing precise snow throwing up to 30 feet. Its self-propelled wheels and six forward speeds make maneuvering easy, even in tough conditions. Built with sturdy steel and a notched four-blade auger, it handles ice and snow efficiently. Plus, the electric start and two-year warranty add to its convenience and reliability.
Best For: homeowners and property managers seeking a powerful, reliable snow blower capable of handling large snowfalls with ease and efficiency.
Pros:
- High snow clearing capacity of over 2000 pounds per minute with a wide 24-by-20-inch path
- Powerful 209cc engine with electric start for easy operation
- Adjustable chute with 190-degree rotation for precise snow throwing up to 30 feet
Cons:
- Heavier construction may be challenging to maneuver for some users
- Less compact design could require more storage space
- May be more expensive compared to smaller, less powerful snow blowers
VOLTASK 48V Cordless Snow Blower
For those seeking a cordless snow blower that combines power with convenience, the VOLTASK 48V Cordless Snow Blower stands out as an excellent choice. It features a strong 48V brushless motor powered by two rechargeable lithium batteries, giving about 30 minutes of runtime. With a 20-inch width and 10-inch depth, it handles most snow removal tasks efficiently. Built for durability, it’s undergone rigorous testing for performance and reliability in harsh winter conditions. Its ergonomic handle reduces strain, while dual safety buttons and waterproof components ensure safe operation. The snow blower’s maneuverability, LED lights, and 180-degree chute make clearing snow easier and more precise.
Best For: homeowners and small business operators seeking a cordless, easy-to-use snow blower for efficient snow removal in residential and commercial settings.
Pros:
- Cordless design offers convenient, hassle-free operation without extension cords
- Durable construction with waterproof components and rigorous testing for harsh winter conditions
- Adjustable 180-degree chute and LED lights enhance precision and visibility during snow clearing
Cons:
- Approximately 30 minutes of runtime may require recharging or multiple batteries for larger areas
- 20-inch width might be less effective for extremely deep or heavy snowfall
- Battery-powered operation may have limited power compared to gas-powered snow blowers
Litheli 2X20V Cordless Snow Blower
If you’re looking for a lightweight, eco-friendly snow blower perfect for small to medium areas, the Litheli 2X20V Cordless Snow Blower stands out with its dual 20V lithium-ion batteries and 20-inch clearing width. It’s designed for walkways and driveways, throwing snow up to 20 feet. The adjustable chute, built-in LED lights, and brushless motor make it efficient and easy to use. Weighing around 44.7 pounds, it’s highly maneuverable and operates quietly. While great for light to moderate snow, its runtime is limited to about 20 minutes per charge, and it may struggle with heavy, packed snow. Overall, it’s a convenient, eco-friendly option for smaller snow removal tasks.
Best For: homeowners seeking a lightweight, eco-friendly snow blower ideal for small to medium walkways and driveways with light to moderate snow.
Pros:
- Lightweight and highly maneuverable at approximately 44.7 pounds
- Quiet operation with built-in LED lights for visibility in low-light conditions
- Easy assembly with adjustable chute and collapsible handlebar for convenient storage
Cons:
- Limited runtime of about 20 minutes per full charge, which may be insufficient for larger areas
- Struggles with heavy, dense, or packed snow, risking clogging or choking
- Battery performance issues such as short lifespan, overheating, or failure, impacting reliability
WEN Snow Thrower, 15-Amp 20-Inch Electric Snow Blaster
A standout choice for homeowners facing light to moderate snowfalls is the WEN Snow Thrower, 15-Amp 20-Inch Electric Snow Blaster. It features a 15-amp motor, a 20-inch wide clearing path, and can handle snow up to 10 inches deep. With a snow throwing capacity of 900 pounds per minute and a reach of up to 29 feet, it’s efficient for most residential needs. Its lightweight design (36.3 pounds) and 7.1-inch wheels make maneuverability easy. Dual LED lights improve visibility in low light, and the 180-degree rotating chute simplifies directional control. It’s a reliable, user-friendly option for quick winter snow removal.
Best For: homeowners needing an easy-to-use, lightweight snow blower for light to moderate snowfall on driveways and decks.
Pros:
- Easy to assemble, operate, and store, making it user-friendly for homeowners.
- Lightweight design with 7.1-inch wheels enhances maneuverability across cold terrains.
- Features dual LED lights and a rotating chute for improved visibility and directional control in low-light conditions.
Cons:
- May struggle with heavy, wet, or icy snow, with potential clogging issues.
- Snow throwing distance often less than claimed (around 4 feet instead of 30-40 feet).
- Plastic paddles can wear or crack prematurely when hitting ice or dense snow.
VOLTASK Cordless Snow Shovel (24V, 13-Inch)
The VOLTASK Cordless Snow Shovel stands out as an ideal choice for homeowners seeking a lightweight, easy-to-use snow removal tool. Weighing just 9.3 pounds, it combines portability with powerful performance, thanks to its 24V motor that can throw snow up to 20 feet. Its simple two-step assembly and one-button operation make it user-friendly, while adjustable directional plates offer precise control. Suitable for clearing driveways, sidewalks, and decks, it’s quiet and efficient, with a 25-minute runtime on a single charge. Designed for durability and comfort, this snow shovel proves to be a reliable, convenient tool for winter chores.
Best For: homeowners and individuals seeking a lightweight, easy-to-operate cordless snow removal tool for driveways, sidewalks, and decks during winter.
Pros:
- Lightweight at only 9.3 pounds for easy handling and maneuverability
- Quick assembly with a simple two-step process and one-button operation
- Powerful 24V motor capable of throwing snow up to 20 feet with a 25-minute runtime
Cons:
- Limited runtime may require multiple charges for larger areas
- Clears snow up to only 13 inches wide and 6.5 inches deep, which may be insufficient for heavy snowfall
- Battery life and performance could diminish in extremely cold temperatures
Factors to Consider When Choosing Electric Snow Blowers
When choosing an electric snow blower, I look at how much snowfall I typically get and whether the machine can handle that volume. I also consider its power, portability, and safety features to make certain it meets my needs without taking up too much space or overspending. Balancing these factors helps me pick a model that’s efficient, safe, and within my budget.
Snowfall Size Compatibility
Choosing the right electric snow blower depends heavily on the typical snowfall size in your area. If you usually get light to moderate snowfalls up to 8-10 inches, most electric models will handle the job efficiently. Look for a blower with an intake height of around 10 inches to match snow depth, ensuring smooth operation without overload. For larger snowfalls, over 12 inches, electric models might struggle, and a two-stage gas blower could be more suitable. The clearing width, usually 18 to 24 inches, also matters—wider models clear more snow per pass, which is helpful for bigger areas. To avoid inefficiency or equipment strain, select a snow blower with capacity slightly above your typical snowfall, ensuring reliable performance during winter storms.
Power and Performance Needs
To effectively clear snow, you need a snow blower with enough power to handle your typical conditions. Assess the snow depth and how often it snowfalls in your area—this helps determine if you need a model capable of handling 10 inches or more. Look at motor power, which ranges from 15 to over 1800 watts; higher wattage means more force for heavy or wet snow. Check the clearing width and intake height—wider (around 22 inches) and taller (about 13 inches) models can cover larger areas faster. Consider features like adjustable chutes or variable speed augers for better snow placement and handling different snow types. Matching the blower’s specs to your specific needs guarantees reliable performance without overbuying.
Portability and Storage Space
Ever wonder how easy it is to move and store your electric snow blower? Lightweight models, weighing between 20 to 40 pounds, make handling simple and effortless. Compact designs with foldable or collapsible handles are perfect for fitting into small spaces like closets, sheds, or garages. Cordless options with built-in handles and minimal attachments reduce bulk, making transportation and storage even more convenient. Slim, narrow units under 24 inches are ideal for tight spots and can be stored vertically or horizontally without taking up much room. Some models even feature modular or stackable configurations, allowing multiple units or accessories to be stored compactly. Overall, these features make electric snow blowers highly portable and easy to tuck away when winter’s over.
Cutting-Edge Safety Features
When selecting an electric snow blower, safety features should be at the top of your list. I look for models with dual safety switches and automatic shut-off mechanisms to prevent accidental activation and keep me protected. Bright LED headlights are essential for visibility during low-light conditions, reducing the risk of accidents at night or in poor weather. Adjustable discharge chutes with locking mechanisms give me precise control over snow direction, minimizing debris hazards. Safety guards around moving parts like augers and impellers protect me from contact injuries during operation and maintenance. Ergonomic handles with anti-slip grips improve control and stability, decreasing the chance of slips or falls. These cutting-edge safety features ensure I can clear snow efficiently while staying safe.
Budget and Cost Factors
Budget plays a crucial role in choosing the right electric snow blower, as prices can vary widely from around $100 to $800 based on features and power. It’s important to determine your budget range early on and consider ongoing costs, like replacement batteries or parts, which can add up over time. Investing in a higher-priced model with a powerful motor and larger clearing width may save you time and effort during snow removal, but balance that with what offers good performance and durability within your budget. Keep in mind that cheaper models might have limitations in snow handling capacity and durability, possibly leading to higher repair or replacement costs later. Finding a model that offers the best value for your money ensures long-term satisfaction and efficient winter clearing.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Long Does a Typical Electric Snow Blower Battery Last?
A typical electric snow blower battery lasts about 30 to 60 minutes on a single charge, depending on the model and snow conditions. I’ve noticed that lighter snow allows my blower to run longer, while heavy, wet snow drains the battery faster. It’s always a good idea to have a spare battery or plan for quick recharges if you’re clearing a large driveway. That way, you won’t get caught short mid-shift.
Can Electric Snow Blowers Handle Heavy, Wet Snow Effectively?
Electric snow blowers can handle heavy, wet snow, but their effectiveness depends on the model. I’ve found that higher-powered units with robust motors and wider augers perform better in dense snow. However, extremely heavy or wet snow can still challenge even the best electric models, potentially clogging or straining the motor. For consistently heavy snow, I recommend a gas-powered blower, but for lighter, wet snow, electric ones work quite well.
Are Electric Snow Blowers Noisy Compared to Gas Models?
You’d be surprised how quiet electric snow blowers are compared to gas models. I’ve noticed that while gas blowers roar loudly, electric ones hum softly, almost like a gentle breeze. This makes them perfect for early mornings or quiet neighborhoods. Plus, I appreciate how the reduced noise doesn’t compromise power, so I can clear snow efficiently without disturbing everyone around me. It’s a win-win for peace and performance.
What Safety Features Are Standard on Electric Snow Blowers?
Electric snow blowers come with several standard safety features that give me peace of mind while using them. I make sure they have an automatic shut-off switch, which stops the motor if I need to step away. Many models also include safety shields and touch-start buttons, preventing accidental operation. Additionally, some have ergonomic handles and safety cords that cut power if pulled, making them safer and easier to handle overall.
How Maintenance-Intensive Are Electric Snow Blowers?
Think of electric snow blowers as the low-maintenance friends of winter tools. I find they’re surprisingly easy to care for—just a quick wipe-down after use, occasional checking of the cord or battery, and keeping the blades sharp. Unlike gas models, they don’t choke on complicated tune-ups or oil changes. Honestly, they’re like the dependable companion that asks for little but gives a lot in return.
Conclusion
Did you know that electric snow blowers can clear up to 30% more snow in half the time compared to traditional shoveling? With options like cordless, corded, and self-propelled models, there’s something for everyone. Whether you have a small driveway or a large yard, choosing the right electric snow blower makes winter chores effortless. Stay warm, save time, and enjoy the season—these tools are truly game-changers for winter cleanup!
